Genetic Susceptibility and Smoking Interaction in the Onset of Lung and Bladder Cancers
1 School of Population Health, Curtin University, Western Australia, Australia.
2 Department of Microbiology & Molecular Biology, Concord Diagnostics & Molecular Lab Limited, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
3 School of Business, Galgotias University, Delhi, India.
4 Department of Microbiology, Bhaskaracharya College of Applied Sciences, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
5 Department of Narcotics Control, Ministry of Home Affairs, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Research Article
International Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences Archive, 2025, 10(02), 148-160.
Article DOI: 10.53771/ijbpsa.2025.10.2.0086
Publication history:
Received 18 October 2025; revised on 25 November 2025; accepted on 27 November 2025
Abstract:
Lung and bladder cancers continue to be significant public health problems in Bangladesh, with an increasing incidence rate due smoking-related factors as well as underlying genetic predispositions. Although the evidence is accumulating that genetic predisposition increases the deleterious effects of tobacco exposure, not much investigation has been carried out in this regard among Bangladeshi population. This paper was designed to investigate the joint effect of smoking and genetic propensity in the development of lung and bladder cancers while controlling for major demographic, environmental, and occupational factors. A quantitative, cross-sectional study was carried out with 410 respondents using a standardized questionnaire in the areas of smoking exposure, family history of cancer, environment risks involved, risk perception and health condition. The association between variables was evaluated using descriptive statistics, the chi-square test, and logistic regression. The findings suggest that in smokers, or individuals with passive smoke exposure, and a family history of cancer there is substantially increased risk for respiratory symptoms and urinary symptoms as early proxies of cancer risks. Occupational exposure particularly in dye, metal and rubber industry enhanced the association. The results indicate that both genetic susceptibility and smoking simultaneously increase cancer risk far more than either acting alone. The study suggests that combined screening approaches, genetic risk estimation and personalized smoking-cessation programs are vital for early prevention in Bangladesh.
Keywords:
Genetic Susceptibility; Smoking Interaction; Lung Cancer; Bladder Cancer; Environmental Exposure; Hereditary Risk
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