A study to alleviate histological and physiological abnormalities Induced by Type 1 diabetes in male rats using ginseng components and metformin
Department of Biology, College of Education for Pure Science, University of Samarra, Samarra, Iraq.
Research Article
International Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences Archive, 2026, 11(02), 166-174.
Article DOI: 10.53771/ijbpsa.2026.11.2.0055
Publication history:
Received on 28 April 2026; revised on 05 June 2026; accepted on 08 June 2026
Abstract:
Background and Objective: Type 1 diabetes is associated with alterations in urea, creatinine, and uric acid levels, as well as renal tissue lesions resulting from oxidative stress and inflammation. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ginseng root extract, ginsenoside Rg1, and metformin in alleviating these physiological and tissue abnormalities.
Experimental design: 35 male rats were used, divided into seven groups (5 rats per group): a control group, a diabetic group (induced by alloxan), and five groups that were treated with either metformin, ginseng extract, ginsenoside Rg1, (metformin + ginsenoside Rg1), or (ginseng extract + ginsenoside Rg1) for 5 weeks.
Results: The results showed a significant increase in urea, creatinine, and uric acid levels in the diabetic group, along with clear tissue damage such as necrosis, inflammation, congestion, hemosiderin deposits, and glomerulosclerosis in the kidneys. In contrast, treatment with ginseng, ginsenoside Rg1, and metformin led to a significant decrease in these indicators and a marked improvement in kidney tissue structure.
Conclusion: The study concluded that ginseng extract and ginsenoside Rg1 possess protective and therapeutic properties for the kidneys that are comparable to or sometimes even superior to metformin, and the combination of (ginseng extract and ginsenoside Rg1) was the most effective in improving biochemical and histological parameters.
Keywords:
Diabetes; Kidneys; Metformin; Ginseng; Ginsenoside Rg1
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