Comparative analysis of the in-vitro free radical scavenging properties of silver nanoparticle and Hibiscus Sabdariffa extract

Okorondu Monica Mmachukwu 1, *, Alisi Chinwe Sylvanus 1, 3, Ujowundu Cosmos Onyedikachi 1, Igwe Chidi Uzoma 1, 3, Okorondu Justin Nnaemeka 2, Ujowundu Favour Ntite 1 and Iheme Calistus Izunna 1, 3

1 Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Owerri Imo State Nigeria.
2 Department of Environmental Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri Imo State Nigeria.
3 Department of Forensic Science, Federal University of Technology, Owerri Imo State. Nigeria.
 
Research Article
International Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences Archive, 2025, 10(01), 058-068.
Article DOI: 10.53771/ijbpsa.2025.10.1.0055
Publication history: 
Received on 21 May 2025; revised on 13 June 2025; accepted on 15 July 2025
 
Abstract: 
Free radicals may be attributed to the cause of degenerative diseases and aging. Accumulation of these unstable molecules brings about oxidative stress which leads to oxidative damage. Nanomedicine offers a new approach in the diagnosis and treatment of various infections and diseases. The in-vitro free radical scavenging properties of Hibiscus Sabdariffa extract and Silver Nanoparticle was carried out. Nanoparticle was synthesized using biological method and the synthesized nanoparticle was characterized for further confirmation using methods such as UV-Visible Spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The result of the Uv-Visible of the nano extract showed maximum light absorption at a wavelength of 420 nm. The EDX revealed 79.52% Ag (silver) and 20.48% O (oxygen). The microscopic studies gave agglomerated spherical silver nanoparticle with average size of 65.9 nm. The XRD result shows that the silver nanoparticle exhibited a polycrystalline face centered cubic (FCC) structure with an average crystallite size of 65.9 nm. The result of the total antioxidant capacity showed a higher antioxidant capacity of the nano extract compared to the crude extract. The crude extract recorded an IC50 of 0.42 mg/ml for DPPH, 0.38 mg/ml for Nitric oxide, 0.33 mg/ml for hydroxyl radical and 0.67 mg/ml for superoxide radical. The nano extract recorded an IC50 of 6.6 mg/ml for DPPH, 0.72 mg/ml for nitric oxide radical, 0.28 mg/ml for hydroxyl radical and 0.66 mg/ml for superoxide radical. These findings suggest that the nano extract has a unique antioxidant profile compared to the crude extract,

 

Keywords: 
Antioxidant; Free radicals; Hibiscus sabdariffa; Silver Nanoparticle
 
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