Evaluating the effect of Ginseng root extract and Ginsenoside Rg1 in reducing Isoprostane-8, NF-κB, and TNFα levels induced by type 1 diabetes in male rats
Department of Biology, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Tikrit, 34001, Tikrit, Iraq.
Research Article
International Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences Archive, 2026, 12(01), 036–044.
Article DOI: 10.53771/ijbpsa.2026.12.1.0063
Publication history:
Received on 14 May 2026; revised on 12 July 2026; accepted on 15 July 2026
Abstract:
Background: Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition that leads to the destruction of beta cells in the pancreas, causing high blood sugar and a state of severe oxidative stress. This stress is associated with elevated levels of markers such as Isoprostane-8, SOD, and GPx, and activation of key inflammatory pathways including NF-κB and TNF-α, exacerbating tissue damage. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of ginseng root extract and ginsenoside Rg1, alone or in combination with metformin, in restoring Isoprostane-8, SOD, GPx, NF-κB, and TNF-α levels to normal in diabetic male rats.
Experimental design: 35 male rats were used, divided into 7 groups of (5) rats each. The control group and 6 groups in which diabetes was induced by Alloxan, namely the treatments with metformin (200 mg/kg), alcoholic ginseng extract (200 mg/kg), and ginsenoside Rg1 (20 mg/kg), in addition to the combination groups of (metformin + ginsenoside Rg1) and (ginseng extract + ginsenoside Rg1), and the trial lasted for five weeks.
Results: The results showed that diabetes led to a significant increase in Isoprostane-8, NF-κB and TNF-α, and a decrease in SOD and GPx. All treatments used led to a significant reduction in oxidation and inflammation markers and a significant increase in antioxidant enzyme levels compared to the diabetic group.
Conclusion: The study demonstrated that the combination of ginseng extract and ginsenoside Rg1 achieved the best effect in improving the studied biochemical parameters, indicating their effective role in reducing oxidative stress and inflammation associated with diabetes.
Keywords:
Diabetes; Isoprostane-8; NF-κB; TNFα; Ginsenoside Rg1.
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